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Abstract
Background  Toxic multinodular goiter (Plummer’s disease) has posed challenges to surgeons, endocrinologists, and radiation oncologists
since its description in 1913. A literature review with evidenced-based methodology has not yet been reported.

Methods  A systematic review of the English literature from 1950 to 2007 and report of Mayo Clinic experience since 1950 was undertaken
to establish evidence-based recommendations for management.