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About The Thyroid: The Anatomy The thyroid gland is one part of the endocrine system which is primarily responsible for the regulation of healthy hormones in the body. The thyroid gland is considered as one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. It weighs 2-3 grams in newborns and 18-60 grams in adults. It is found in the anterior part of the neck, lying around the larynx and the trachea. It reaches the posterior of the esophagus and the carotid sheath. It has a butterfly-shaped structure with two lobes which secrete hormones responsible for metabolism. If you can palpate your thyroid gland while swallowing, you can be predisposed to goiter or hyperthyroidism.