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We report a case of Horner’s syndrome (HS) occurring as a complication after total thyroidectomy. Horner’s syndrome is characterized
by myosis, eyelid ptosis, enophthalmos, and lack of sweating, with vascular dilatation of the lateral part of the face, caused
by damage of the cervical sympathetic chain. We found only 28 other reports of HS developing after thyroidectomy, and only
seven of these patients recovered completely. Of the 495 thyroidectomies performed at our hospital between 1997 and 2007,

Conclusions  Additional incisions can be made if thyroidectomy cannot be done transcervically and if the goiter extends to the level of
the aortic arch. If the thyroid gland extends below the aortic arch and the lateral diameter of the goiter is greater than
10 cm, a partial sternotomy may be required. Total sternotomy is needed when an RSG extends caudally to the azygos vein, if
it is located in the retrotracheal or retroesophageal space, or if it is recurrent or ectopic. Coexisting lung disorders and
goiters extending to the left atrium also require thoracotomy.

Authors: Karaoglu A, Aydin S, Dagli AF, Cummings DE, Ozercan IH, Canatan H, Ozkan Y

CONCLUSIONS: Cribriform-morular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon diagnosis known to be associated with familial adenomatous polyposis. Although the incidence is rare, this diagnosis should raise the clinician's suspicions to recommend both colorectal screening and genetic counseling for family members.
PMID: 19027515 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology) 

CONCLUSION: Pediatric metastatic insular thyroid carcinoma is an uncommon form of thyroid malignancy requiring aggressive surgical treatment and adjuvant radioactive iodine.
PMID: 19027516 [PubMed - in process] (Source: American Journal of Otolaryngology)

Autoimmune thyroid diseases are characterized by intrathyroidal infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes reactive to self-thyroid antigens. Early studies analysing T cell receptor (TCR) V[alpha] gene usage have shown oligoclonal expansion of intrathyroidal T lymphocytes but not peripheral blood T cells. However, TCR V[beta] diversity of the isolated CD4+ and CD8+ T cell compartments in the peripheral blood has not been characterized fully in these patients.

Evidence-Based Review Series on Endoscopic Thyroidectomy: Real Progress and Future Trends
Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00268-008-9834-zAuthors
Gianlorenzo Dionigi, Endocrine Surgery Research Center, University of Insubria Department of Surgical Sciences Viale Borri, 57 Varese 21100 Italy

Journal World Journal of SurgeryOnline ISSN 1432-2323Print ISSN 0364-2313 (Source: World Journal of Surgery)

Conclusions  In patients with thyroid disease, uncomplicated thyroidectomy leads to significant improvements in many aspects of patient-reported
swallowing-related QOL measured by the SWAL-QOL instrument.

Content Type Journal ArticleDOI 10.1007/s00268-008-9837-9Authors

Abstract  During the second century A.D., Galen described a nerve that came from the brain on each side of the neck, went down toward
the heart, and then reversed course and ascended to the larynx and caused the vocal cords to open. He called these “reversivi”
(or recurrent nerves) and stated that he was the first to discover “these wonderful things.” Demonstrating before the elders
of Rome, he showed that cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerve in the neck caused a live pig to stop squealing—an extraordinary

CONCLUSION: This study indicates that TGF-beta1, VEGF and NO probably have a role in the pathogenesis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, and development of autoimmunity. Clearly, further studies are necessary to establish the exact mechanism of TGF-beta1, VEGF and NO interaction in Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
PMID: 19028605 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] (Source: International Immunopharmacology)